摘 要 随着社会主义市场经济不断完善,投资者、管理人员和会计人员对财务报表分析表现出极大的兴趣,财务报表分析的作用被人们所认可,人们用它来寻找投资对象和兼并对象,预测企业未来的财务状况和经营成果,判断投资、筹资和经营活动的成效,评价企业管理业绩和企业决策,财务报表分析帮助我们改善了决策,减少了盲目性。 本文运用财务分析方法中的比较分析方法,对大连市惠腾焊料厂2002年至2004年的财务报表从偿债能力、资产运用效率、营利能力及现金流量四个方面,对其财务状况进行了深入分析。通过纵向分析,分析企业近几年的发展趋势,提出企业在资本结构、资产利用率、成本费用控制等方面存在问题。通过与同行业横向比较,分析出本企业在同行业中所处的位置,找出与先进水平的差距,吸收先进企业的经验,改进本企业的工作。通过对企业纵向、横向分析,找出了企业存在的问题,分析出现问题的原因,提出了改进的五点建议。
关键词:财务报表分析,偿债能力,资金运用效率,盈利能力
Abstract Perfect constantly with socialist market economy, investor, administrative staff, to financial statement analyse demonstrate the great interest accounting personnel, Function that financial statemant analyse approve people people come and look fortarget of investing and annex the target with it, Predict financial situation in the futureof enterprise and management performance, judge the investment, fund-raising and effect of the business activities, Appraise business administration achievement and enterprise make policy, financial statemant analyse help us to improve decision, Have reduced blindness. This text uses the comparative analytical method in the financial analytical rnethod, Use four respects of the efficiency, commercial ability and cash flow from debt paying ability, assets to the financial statemant from 2002to 2004 of weld the material factory, Have carried on in-depth analysis to its financial situation. Through vertical to analyse, analyse development trend of the past several years such as enterprise, put forward enterprise structure, assets utilization ratio, cost expenses control have problem in capital. Through horizontal to compare with same trade, analyse enterprise this live in position arnong same trade, Find out and with advanced disparity of level, absorb advanced experience of enterprise, improve work of enterprise this. Through analysing to enterprises, have found out enterprise s existing problem vertically, horizontally, Analyse the reason to go wrong, has put forward improved five suggestion.
Key word financial statement analysis debts payment power Fund application efficiency Profit-making power
目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1 1.1 财务报表分析基本内容 1 1.2 财务报表分析的意义和方法 6 1.3 计算企业自我发展能力 7 1.4 本章小结 9 第2章 对企业问题的改进建议及结论 23 2.1 应收账款周转率与存货周转率 23 2.2 资产运用效率 24 2.3 现金流量资产运用效率 24 2.4 本章小结 25
结 论 26 致 谢 27 参考文献 28 附录1 30 附录2 外文资料复印件 34
第1章 绪论 1.1 财务报表分析基本内容 财务分析以企业财务报告及其他相关历史资料为主要依据,对企业的财务状况和经营成果进行评价剖析,反映企业在运营过程中的利弊得失、发展趋势,从而为改进企业财务管理工作和优化经济决策提供重要的财务信息。是对公司的财务状况和经营成果进行分析和评价的一种方法。虽然公司的财务报表提供了大量可供分析的第一手资料,但它只是一种历史性的静态文件,只能概括地反映一个公司在一段时间内的财务状况与经营成果,这种概括的反映远不足以作为投资者作为投资决策的全部依据,它必须将报表与其他报
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